Fundamentals of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fundamentals of Nursing - Essay Example This final example shows another difference between belief and knowledge, choice; a person can choose what to believe but has no choice over what to know (Edwards 2001, pp. 25-38). 2. What are the main differences between practical knowledge and propositional knowledge described by Edwards? Give an example of each of these from your nursing practice. The main differences between practical and propositional knowledge lie in the mode of expression of the knowledge, its extent, and limitations. Propositional knowledge is mainly expressed in speech whereby an individual uses statements that indicate his or her knowledge on the subject matter. On the other hand, practical knowledge is expressed in one’s work, where a person knows what to do now, or what one might do when posed with a problem of a certain nature. Propositional knowledge tends to be general, such that it does not major on one aspect of the subject whereas practical knowledge is job specific, and is useful in one job area and can be applied to solve problems in that field exclusively. While propositional knowledge comes mainly from literature that one reads, practical knowledge is acquired as one does his or her duties, and the latter incorporates more senses than the former. An example of practical knowledge is using a needle and syringe on a patient such that it inflicts minimal pain and damage. Books may give the procedures for use in a medical setting, but practise gives a person the practical knowledge of how to do the procedures right. Propositional knowledge is evident where a person knows the various disease cycles and patterns, but the knowledge is not applicable directly in practice (Edwards 2001, pp. 25-38). 3. Critically analyse the kinds of knowledge nurses use in practice. Support your answer... This paper approves that nursing professionals possess knowledge in its various forms, which they should use in their line of duty such that it is for the benefit of a patient. However, a nurse must have all levels of knowing including personal, empirical, ethical, and aesthetic. This enables not only effective care of patients, but assures quality and adherence to acceptable levels of standards and ethics. Consequently, a nurse becomes more effective and efficient in his or her work, which in turn increases the ability of the nurse to be more effective due to a high self-esteem and a feeling of achievement. A nurse should be capable of differentiating between knowledge and belief, only then can one apply these two aspects in practice for optimal results. Nursing professionals should use a carefully balanced amalgamation of these knowledge types to ensure that their patients get the best service the profession has to offer. This essay makes a conclusion that an aspect of the nursing profession facing stiff criticism is evidence-based practice, which aims to ensure that all decisions and actions by nurses use chosen studies as a basis. This does not auger well with critics, who purport that evidence based practice is limiting and denies nurses and other scientists from having a different opinion from the given ones. In this regard, evidence based practice hinders innovation and prevents nurses from reaching their full potential in their profession. Though standards should be used for quality assurance purposes, they should be flexible enough to allow for personal choice and innovation.

Native American Spirituality Essay Example for Free

Native American Spirituality Essay The purpose of this essay is to present the spiritual world of the Native Americans, which is one of the oldest forms of Spirituality that exists on earth. The main reason why I have chosen this topic is because I want to find out more information about their spiritual dimension and perhaps to understand better the main differences between our religion and theirs. In order to better observe this aspect, I will be analyzing the religious beliefs of three Native American tribes, such as: The Iroquois, the Apache and the Dakota tribes. To start with, I consider it relevant to mention that the Native American religions centers on a collection of beliefs, which vary from tribe to tribe. However, almost all tribes practice a modified monotheism , which is the belief in the Great Spirit. They also have an animistic belief in individual spirits residing in animals and forces of nature, but none of these is higher than the Great Spirit (Hirschfelder Molin, 1992). In other words, this means that Native American spirituality is nature-based, since it is so closely connected with the earth. As I have previously mentioned, many Native Americans believe in The Great Spirit, who is â€Å"the high deity amongst all of the spirits† (Hirschfelder Molin, 1992). Since ancient times, the Native Americans have believed in a Supreme Being whom they called father and they believe this entity is either a man or an animal, especially a wolf, which has human thoughts and is even able to talk (Panther-Yates, n.d). In order to control the forces of the spiritual world , the Native Americans used ceremonial practices, since these were considered to â€Å"renewed the bond between human beings and the spirit world† (Irwin, 2000). I will later on mention about these ceremonies and the person who is entitled to contact the spirits. In order to have a better understanding of their beliefs I have inserted here one fragment of the spiritual speech held by Charley Elkhair, one of the Native American indian: â€Å"We are thankful to the East because everyone feels good in the morning when they awake, and sees the bright light coming from the East; and when the Sun goes down in the West we feel good and glad we are well; then we are thankful to the West. And we are thankful to the North, because when the cold winds come we are glad to have lived to see the leaves fall again; and to the South, for when the south wind blows and everything is coming up in the spring, we are glad to live to see the grass growing and everything green again. We thank the Thunders, for they are the manitous that bring the rain, which the Creator has given them power to rule over. And we thank our mother, the Earth, whom we claim as mother because the Earth carries us and everything we need.† (Elkhair in M. R. Harrington, 1921). When researching for this essay I came across a very interesting comparison belonging to professor Harrington, who states that: â€Å" The juxtaposition of a personal creator God and anthropomorphic animals derived from mythology is no more inappropriate, however, than the behavior of Christians at Christmas time who set out a creche depicting the birth of Jesus next to a Christmas tree derived from an ancient pagan festival† ( Harrington, 1921). Another interesting element about at the Native American religions is the fact that they are basically free of any priesthood. However, there are still people who have a special connection to the spiritual world, called shamans: â€Å"Shamans are spiritually gifted people who through a variety of means have acquired the ability to help others through trance and dream journeying† (Irwin, 2000). Moreover, it is quite strange that the white anthropologists have often used the name medicine man (even though many were women) to indicate a mixture of shamanic and priestly capacities (Irwin, 2000). Shamanic trances can be induced through a variety of techniques, including chanting or drumming, fasting, and in some cases the use of psychotropic substances, the mildest of which might be tobacco ( McGaa, n.d). During these trance contacts, shamans may communicate with spirits of the dead or other spirits and learn what they need to know to help heal the body, mind, or soul of a patient, to locate game, or to predict the future ( McGaa, n.d). In the following lines, I will briefly present three Indian tribes in order to observe the differences and similarities between them as far as their spiritual world is concerned. The first tribe I will be analyzing is the Iroquois. This Native American tribe believes in twin forces known as Loskeha meaning good and Tawiscara meaning bad (Robinso n, 2002). The Native Americans believe Loskeha brought all the goodness in life, while Tawiscara spread sufferings and brought ill-luck (Robinson, 2002). The Iroquois also believed in the constant care of the Great Spirit, who †ruled and administered the world, and the affairs of the red race. (Robinson, 2002). What really fascinates me at this tribe is that it does not have a detailed conception of his creator because they believe that the Great Spirit was beyond their abilities to understand. However, they have some very detailed descriptions of this lower class of spirits that is believed to interact with the material world. The were known as Invisible Agents or Ho-no-che-no-keh. (Morgan in Robinson, 1954). These spirits possessed their power from the Great Spirit and were considered to be the manifestations of his unlimited power (Morgan in Robinson, 1954). Some of these spirits were given names and they were often identified with the object or force that they presided over (Morgan in Robinson, 1954). For example, He-no, one important spirit, was given the thunderbolt and controlled the weather. Morgan states that: â€Å"he had the form of man and wore the costume of a warrior† ((Morgan in Robinson, 1954). The Iroquois tribe believes not only in the kindness of the Great Spirit but also in the forces of evil. According to their belief, evil is represented by the brother of the Great Spirit, Ha-ne-go-ate-geh, or the Evil-minded (Robinson, 2002), who controls its own inferior spiritual beings. This tribe also believes that the Great Spirit does not have any type of positive authority over the forces of evil, except for â€Å"the power to overcome them when necessary†(Robinson, 2002). Therefore, the Iroquois can either choose to obey the Great Spirit or to the Evil-minded. It is important to note that the Iroquois developed the idea of an immortal soul, which will be judged by the Great Spirit the moment the body will die. This is why, they are afraid of being punished in the afterlife and therefore they worship him through many rituals and ceremonies (Robinson, 2002). These ritual ceremonies practiced by the Iroquois tribes occurred in certain seasonal periods throughout the year, but most commonly during important agricultural periods (Irwin, 2000). Even some of the Invisible Agents were honored at this ceremonies depending on what time of year the ceremony was taking place. The ceremonies were led by Keepers of the Faith, or Ho-nun-den-ont (Irwin, 2000), who were â€Å"a loosely organized council of qualified individuals who were assigned the task of maintaining the ritual practices of the Iroquois people†(Irwin, 2000). The second tribe I will briefly describe is The Apache tribe. Little is known about this nomadic group of Native Americans due to the fact that it lived an isolated existence in the harsh environment of the arid southwest. This tribe relied on scarce resources found in their desert environment for survival (Hirschfelder Molin, 1992). Due to the fact that survival was difficult under these conditions they were not so preoccupied of the spiritual world (Hirschfelder Molin, 1992). This is the reason why the belief system of the Apache tribes is less developed than the other tribe mentioned earlier. For instance, the Apache religion did not recognize a large pantheon of gods and goddesses. (Opler in Hirschfelder Molin, 1992) and focused on supernatural cultural figures that are responsible for the Apache way of life. What is interesting to notice at these entities is the fact that they interfered little in the daily activities of the people unless people called for their help. (Opler in Hirschfelder Molin, 1992). The Apache tribe has no religious ritual either since it is a non-agricultural society. Thus, they had no reason to celebrate seasonal periods and rarely celebrated any type of annual gathering. Instead, they focused all their time and energy on survival (Opler in Hirschfelder Molin, 1992). More importantly, however, was the fact that the Apache lacked an organized belief in an afterlife and instead they focused all attention towards survival in this world. This is why the most common form of ceremony for them were the curing rites, performed only by shamans (Hirschfelder Molin, 1992). Opler describes the Apache religion as a form of devotional shamanism. : It conceives of a universe permeated with supernatural power which must realize itself through man or not at all. (Opler in Hirschfelder Molin, 1992). The third tribe I will be analyzing is the Dakota tribe. According to Raymond J. DeMallie, the Dakota world was characterized by its oneness, its unity. (DeMallie, 1987:27). There was no separation of the natural world from the world of the supernatural: †This unity in nature was thought to be beyond the comprehension of mankind and could only be shared in through the practice of rituals† (DeMallie, 1987:27). The animating force that acted as the common denominator of the universe was known as Wakan Tanka (Densmore,1918:85).The physical world was composed of the manifestations of this animating force, which basically means that they believed that every object was spirit, or wakan. (Densmore, 1918:85). In other words, the Dakota tribe believed that nothing was real in the universe since everything in the material world had only the appearance of being real. Like the inferior spirits in the Iroquois belief system, Wakan Tanka employed the use of Wakan people (DeMallie 1987) to interact with the material world and control the lives of men. These characters were often the objects of worship and praise. According to DeMallie, Wakan Tanka was explained in relation to the Dakota by wicasa wakan, or holy men. (DeMallie 1987). These men attempted to create some type of order and understanding of this Great Incomprehensibility. (DeMallie 1987). White Buffalo Woman was one of the most important Wakan people to the Dakota. Their myth states that she gave the Dakota people the Calf Pipe (DeMallie, 1987) through which they could communicate with the invisible spirit world. According to DeMallie, Dakota rituals were based on mystical experiences instead of systematic worship. The most important aspect of ritual was the individual personal experience. The experience was usually related in the form of an interpretive dance inspired by a personal vision (DeMallie, 1987). There are several observations I need to make at the end of this research about the Native American spirituality. The first observation is that each of the tribes presented above are similar in the way in which they interact with the natural world. Therefore, the Native American spirituality can be characterized by this intimate relationship these people have with nature. They have a deep respect for Mother Earth and they praise her through these rituals that they so often perform. Secondly, I consider it important to mention the fact that there isn’t a clear distinction between the natural and the supernatural in any of the three tribes mentioned earlier. Also, their beliefs are rather a way of life and each tribe has his own system of beliefs. Based on the analysis of these Native American tribes the following conclusion can be formulated: these people have this deep religious feeling, even when systematic rituals are absent (which was the case of the Apache tribe). Kahlil Gibran once asked, Who can separate his faith from his actions, or his belief from his occupation?(Gibran in Robinson, 2002). It seems that Native Americans could not make this distinction either. I believe that is very difficult for other cultures, including our own, to have a full perception and understanding towards the Native American spirituality, since we were not educated into their belief system .Therefore, there are too many differences between the Christians beliefs and theirs, (I am not referring here to religion only, but also to their whole different culture and their unique way of life) which makes it almost impossible to fully understand their spiritual world. Bibliography Arlene B. Hirschfelder Paulette Molin, The Encyclopedia of Native American Religions: An Introduction, Facts on File, (1992). Charley Elkhair, quoted in M. R. Harrington, Religion and Ceremonies of the Lenape, Indian Notes and Monographs, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, vol 19 (1921). Lee Irwin, Native American Spirituality: A critical reader, University of Nebraska Press, (2000). McGaa, Ed Eagle Man. Interview with Jean Holmes. LightNews.org: NativeAmerican Beliefs- Culture Near Extinction. http://www.lightnews.org/November%20Light%20News/Native_American_Beliefs.htm Native American Spirituality. Ed. Donna Ladkin. GreenSpirit. http://www.greenspirit.org.uk/resources/NatAmerSpirit.htm Native American Beliefs. http://4thmoon.com/styx/nativeam.htm Native American Religion. 1998. The Institute for Philosophy, Religion, and the Life Sciences, Inc. 24 Nov. 2002 http://www.stormwind.com/common/nareligion.html Panther-Yates, Donald. Remarks on Native American Tribal Religions. Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia. http://www.wintercount.org/remark.doc Religious Movements Homepage: Native American Spirituality.,University of Virginia, Nov. 2002 http://http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/naspirit.html Robinson, B.A.. Religious Tolerance.org: Native American Spirituality, Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, Nov. 2002 http://www.religioustolerance.org/nataspir.html

The Boston Massacre Essay -- Boston Massacre Essays

On March 5, 1770 a fight broke out in the streets of Boston, Massachusetts between a patriot mob and British soldiers. Citizens attacked a squad of soldiers by throwing snowballs, stones and sticks. British Army soldiers in turn killed five civilians and injured six others. The presence of British troops had been stationed in Boston, the capital of Province of Massachusetts Bay since 17681. The British existence was increasingly unwelcome. The British troops were sent to Boston in order to protect and support the crown-appointed colonial officials attempting to enforce unpopular Parliamentary legislation. Boston, the capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and important shipping town, was a major center of resistance to unpopular acts of taxation by the British Parliament in the 1760s2. In 1768, the Townshend Acts were placed upon the colonists, by which a variety of common items that were manufactured in Britain and exported to the colonies were subjected to import tariffs3. The Massachusetts House of Representatives began a campaign against the Townshend Acts by sending a petition to King George III asking for the repeal of the act. The House also sent what became known as the Massachusetts Circular Letter to other colonial assemblies, asking them to join the resistance movement, and called for a boycott of merchants importing the affected goods. As a response, Lord Hillsborough, who was the leader of the office of Colonial Secretary, was forced to take action. In April 1768, Hillsborough sent a letter to the colonial governors in America instructing them to dissolve the coloni al assemblies responsible for the repeal4. When the house of colonial governors refused to comply and rescind the letter. Hillsborough then stated... ...An Account.† Accessed 05, 2001. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bostonmassacre/bostonmassacre.html. 14. Allison, Robert. The Boston Massacre. Beverly, MA: Applewood Books, 2006. â€Å"The Boston Massacre Trials: An Account.† Accessed 05, 2001. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bostonmassacre/bostonmassacre.html. 15. Allison, Robert. The Boston Massacre. Beverly, MA: Applewood Books, 2006. â€Å"The Boston Massacre Trials: An Account.† Accessed 05, 2001. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bostonmassacre/bostonmassacre.html. 16. Allison, Robert. The Boston Massacre. Beverly, MA: Applewood Books, 2006. â€Å"The Boston Massacre Trials: An Account.† Accessed 05, 2001. 17. Kidder, Frederic. History of the Boston Massacre. Munsell, 1870. 18. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States. New York: HarperCollins, 1999. The Boston Massacre Essay -- Boston Massacre Essays On March 5, 1770 a fight broke out in the streets of Boston, Massachusetts between a patriot mob and British soldiers. Citizens attacked a squad of soldiers by throwing snowballs, stones and sticks. British Army soldiers in turn killed five civilians and injured six others. The presence of British troops had been stationed in Boston, the capital of Province of Massachusetts Bay since 17681. The British existence was increasingly unwelcome. The British troops were sent to Boston in order to protect and support the crown-appointed colonial officials attempting to enforce unpopular Parliamentary legislation. Boston, the capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and important shipping town, was a major center of resistance to unpopular acts of taxation by the British Parliament in the 1760s2. In 1768, the Townshend Acts were placed upon the colonists, by which a variety of common items that were manufactured in Britain and exported to the colonies were subjected to import tariffs3. The Massachusetts House of Representatives began a campaign against the Townshend Acts by sending a petition to King George III asking for the repeal of the act. The House also sent what became known as the Massachusetts Circular Letter to other colonial assemblies, asking them to join the resistance movement, and called for a boycott of merchants importing the affected goods. As a response, Lord Hillsborough, who was the leader of the office of Colonial Secretary, was forced to take action. In April 1768, Hillsborough sent a letter to the colonial governors in America instructing them to dissolve the coloni al assemblies responsible for the repeal4. When the house of colonial governors refused to comply and rescind the letter. Hillsborough then stated... ...An Account.† Accessed 05, 2001. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bostonmassacre/bostonmassacre.html. 14. Allison, Robert. The Boston Massacre. Beverly, MA: Applewood Books, 2006. â€Å"The Boston Massacre Trials: An Account.† Accessed 05, 2001. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bostonmassacre/bostonmassacre.html. 15. Allison, Robert. The Boston Massacre. Beverly, MA: Applewood Books, 2006. â€Å"The Boston Massacre Trials: An Account.† Accessed 05, 2001. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bostonmassacre/bostonmassacre.html. 16. Allison, Robert. The Boston Massacre. Beverly, MA: Applewood Books, 2006. â€Å"The Boston Massacre Trials: An Account.† Accessed 05, 2001. 17. Kidder, Frederic. History of the Boston Massacre. Munsell, 1870. 18. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States. New York: HarperCollins, 1999.

Explain Expectations About Own Work Role as Expressed

In my role l am expected to support the teacher, to be reliable and build a good relationship with the children, encouraging them to the best of there ability in their learning, to assist their growth in knowledge and assist in enhancing their development, so they can grow holistically. To be aware of any weak areas that I come across whilst working with the children, for example a child that may need extra support within their numeracy, literacy or phonics time. I am also expected to deal, to the best of my ability, with challenging aggressive, rude or traumatised children.Whilst I may need to do this at times I am also aware that the class teacher is there for support. I have had to deal with bad language used by a pupil when dealing with the child I explained that the words used where not words that should be used. I found out why the pupil had said those words and asked what words we could use instead. As well as working with my own class teacher I can be asked at times to go and support another teacher in another class. I am expected to adapt very quickly to the other class and to the lesson there having.My role also means that I will support the children so they are confident in there journey though the school. It is important that I conduct myself in the correct manner within the school as children will often mirror others actions. I remain professional at all times and act appropriately. Any ideas or suggestions that I have with regards to anything that could contribute to the smooth running of the class, is always welcomed, and l have done this on occasion. When l take the children out for there guided reading session, if l notice a pupil that is finding there book easy I am able to move them up a level.If l do this for a pupil l note there name and the colour group l have moved them to so the class teacher can then check the level is suitable for them. With regards to dress code I feel that I should dress smart/casual and by doing this I feel my stand ard of work benefits. I am also representing the school and I feel (also as a parent of a child in the school) that it is important for other parents/carers to see the staff whatever your role looking smart and well presented. This has also made me approachable to parents and they come to me as well as the class teacher.

Availability Of Legal Representation For Indigent Defendants

Jennifer Villegas Final Paper Fall 2016 CJ 3311: Ethics Dr. Rebecca Pfeffer Availability of Legal Representation for Indigent Defendants The rates of death penalty convictions in the United States are outstanding, and with the growing number of cases going into the criminal justice system for processing and in accordance with the numbers of death penalty convictions, it can become questionable the type of counsel being provided to those defendants who are without sufficient income to afford a lawyer for their defense in a capital case, these defendants are known under the official name of indigent defendants. Questions over the type of counsel that is appointed to indigent defendants have opened due to the high incarceration rates of minorities in the prison system. As society moves into an era where issues start to become a matter of publicity and law reforms, the public starts to become more informed and aware of the differences between having a court-appointed defense attorney versus a hired private defense attorney. The acknowledgment of this issue was mentioned above, because of high rates of minority incarcerations, researchers started to consider the differences between appointed and private defense. In terms of the distinctions between a court-appointed attorney and private attorney, differences start to show within several areas, such as the following; one area includes the fact that private attorneys have the freedom to choose their clients and cases, whileShow MoreRelatedThe Government and Not-For-Profit Environment100975 Words   |  404 Pagesentity least likely to engage? a) Providing educational services. b) Providing health-care services. c) Providing for terrorism defense. d) Retail sales of cookies. 8. Which of the following can be affected by GAAP? a) Legal ability to issue bonds. b) Ability to balance the budget. c) Amount reported as employee pension plan contributions. d) Claims and judgments settled. 9. Which of the following characteristics is unique to a governmental entity? a)Read MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagespublic health insurance option by Members of Congress. Sec. 331. Reimbursement of Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Subtitle C—Individual Affordability Credits Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347. Availability through Health Insurance Exchange. Affordable credit eligible individual. Affordability premium credit. Affordability cost-sharing credit. Income determinations. Special rules for application to territories. No Federal payment for undocumented

What Is Electromagnetic Radiation

Electromagnetic radiation is self-sustaining energy with electric and magnetic field components. Electromagnetic radiation is commonly referred to as light, EM, EMR, or electromagnetic waves. The waves propagate through a vacuum at the speed of light. The oscillations of the electric and magnetic field components are perpendicular to each other and to the direction in which the wave is moving. The waves may be characterized according to their wavelengths, frequencies, or energy. Packets or quanta of electromagnetic waves are called photons. Photons have zero rest mass, but they momentum or relativistic mass, so they are still affected by gravity like normal matter. Electromagnetic radiation is emitted any time charged particles are accelerated. The Electromagnetic Spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation. From longest wavelength/lowest energy to shortest wavelength/highest energy, the order of the spectrum is radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma ray. An easy way to remember the order of the spectrum is to use the mnemonic Rabbits Mate In Very Unusual eXpensive Gardens. Radio waves are emitted by stars and are generated by man to transmit audio data.Microwave radiation is emitted by stars and galaxies. Its observed using radio astronomy (which includes microwaves). Humans use it to heat food and transmit data.Infrared radiation is emitted by warm bodies, including living organisms. Its also emitted by dust and gases between stars.The visible spectrum is the tiny portion of the spectrum perceived by human eyes. Its emitted by stars, lamps, and some chemical reactions.Ultraviolet radiation is emitted by stars, including the Sun. Health effects of overexposure include sunburns, skin cancer, and cataracts.Hot gases in the universe emit x-rays. They are generated and used by man for diagnostic imaging.The Universe emits gamma radiation. It may be harnessed for imaging, similar to how x-rays are used. Ionizing Versus Non-Ionizing Radiation Electromagnetic radiation may be categorized as ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to break chemical bonds and give electrons sufficient energy to escape their atoms, forming ions. Non-ionizing radiation may be absorbed by atoms and molecules. While the radiation may provide activation energy to initiate chemical reactions and break bonds, the energy is too low to allow electron escape or capture. Radiation that is more energetic that ultraviolet light is ionizing. Radiation that is less energetic than ultraviolet light (including visible light) is non-ionizing. Short wavelength  ultraviolet light is ionizing. Discovery History Wavelengths of light outside the visible spectrum were discovered early in the 19th century. William Herschel described infrared radiation in 1800. Johann Wilhelm Ritter discovered ultraviolet radiation in 1801. Both scientists detected the light using a prism to split sunlight into its component wavelengths. The equations to describe electromagnetic fields were developed by James Clerk Maxwell in 1862-1964. Prior to James Clerk Maxwells unified theory of electromagnetism, scientists believed electricity and magnetism were separate forces. Electromagnetic Interactions Maxwells equations describe four main electromagnetic interactions: The force of attraction or repulsion between electric charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them.A moving electric field produces a magnetic field and a moving magnetic field produces an electric field.An electric current in a wire produces a magnetic field such that the direction of the magnetic field depends on the direction of the current.There are no magnetic monopoles. Magnetic poles come in pairs that attract and repel each other much like electric charges.

Symptoms And Symptoms Of A Traumatic Brain Injury Essay

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of brain injury in which a sudden trauma leads to damage to the brain. This brain injury could be due to the head suddenly and aggressively being hit against an object or when an object penetrates the skull and enters the tissue of the brain. The symptoms of TBI can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe, but this all depends on the amount of damage that was done to the brain. When enduring a mild TBI, the person may experience a loss of consciousness, confusion, dizziness, and many other symptoms that are caused by brain damage. A person enduring a moderate TBI may encounter these same symptoms as well as severe ones. A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). About 1.6-3.8 million sports-related concussions occur each year in the United States (What is a Concussion? 2016). The prevalence of acquiring a concussion does vary based on the type of sport and the age of the athlete. According to a study done by Clay et al. (2013), there is definitely a risk in every sport for an individual to receive a concussion. However, some sports may have a higher concussion frequency, but this could depend on the amount of force that is used and the positions that are played in the sports (Clay et al. 2013). There are also other modifiable factors such as use of protective gear, rules modifications, prevention through strength training, and changes to position techniques (Clay et al. 2013). It was found from the study that youngerShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Injuries Of A Traumatic Brain Injury841 Words   |  4 Pages Nearly two million people experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year. The degree of severity from the incident may range from no underlying brain injury to severe compression of brain tissue. Irregular interior surface of skull can damage fragile tissues of brain during acceleration, deceleration, or shearing forces. Direct mechanical trauma can injure cortical tissue. 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AD accounts for up to 80% of all senileRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Issues Regarding Causes, Symptoms, And The Public s Awareness1304 Words   |  6 Pages Traumatic Brain Injury Issues Regarding Causes, Classifications, Treatment, Symptoms, and the Public’s Awareness Camilo J. Montoya Thomas Nelson Community College Traumatic Brain Injury Issues Regarding Causes, Classifications, Treatment, Symptoms, and the Public’s Awareness Research Findings: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has continually garnered concern from the public. Effects of a TBI range from headaches to loss of motor functions in more severe cases. Normally when one hears thatRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injuries In The Military. Usaace. Ncoa.1077 Words   |  5 Pages TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES IN THE MILITARY USAACE NCOA SSG Justin T. LaFountain 15ZSLC 17-002 SFC Maradol â€Æ' Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the military are a tangible threat to the men and women of the United States military. Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have created a spotlight on this injury, as the â€Å"signature injury†. Specific criteria makeup the definition of a TBI, which is certain symptoms and severity levels of those symptoms. Due to the capacity of this injury, the DepartmentRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) in Adults and Children655 Words   |  3 Pages Traumatic brain injuries have become an epidemic, affecting both children and adults. The effects of these brain injuries are severe however; they do differ in severity from youth to adult age in areas such as: cognitive and speech function, physical ability, fatigue, and headaches. America has been recognizing the severity of these injuries and sports and medicine have increased funding to prevent them. In order to properly decide what treatment is best for adults or youth suffering traumatic brainRead MoreEssay on Traumatic Brain Injury1034 Words   |  5 PagesTraumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elde rly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwideRead MoreRecovery Time After Concussion Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagesthe best chance to avoid further injury after a concussion due to the complexity and variability in presentation of concussion symptoms. Keywords: Concussion, biomarkers, mild traumatic brain injury, tau, and blood test. Introduction Traumatic brain injuries, whether they occur on the football field, soccer field, ice hockey rink, boxing ring, or overseas in a war laden area, continue to be on the rise. This can be associated with athletes reporting their symptoms and trained medical professionalsRead MoreThe Awareness Of Traumatic Brain Injuries1334 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The awareness of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) has increased and the information available is better now than it was in the past. I believe many people are aware of concussions and traumatic brain injuries but not how it can affect their brain. Traumatic Brain injuries are a very complex injury with a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. Many healthcare professionals in the field of brain injury often say, â€Å"If you’ve seen one concussion, you’ve seen one concussion.† Even a mild